Operation Sindoor: A Comprehensive Academic Analysis of Strategic Excellence, National Unity, and Global Impact

Authors

  • Prof. Dr. Harikumar Pallathadka Vice-Chancellor & Professor, Manipur International University, Imphal, Manipur, INDIA. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0705-9035
  • Prof. Dr. Parag Deb Roy Guwahati, Assam, INDIA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.5.3.13

Keywords:

Operation Sindoor, Pahalgam Massacre, Counter-terrorism, Precision Strikes, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Indian Armed Forces, Terrorist Infrastructure, Strategic Excellence, National Unity, Global Impact, Self-Defense, Atmanirbhar Bharat, Indigenous Defence, Modi Doctrine, Diplomatic Triumph, National Morale, Cultural Symbolism, International Recognition, India

Abstract

Operation Sindoor (May 7, 2025), India's precision military response to Pakistan-based terrorism, represents a watershed moment in global security paradigms. This comprehensive academic review synthesizes the operation's strategic execution, universal acclaim, and transformative impact through interdisciplinary analysis validated by empirical data, theoretical frameworks, and global endorsements. The operation's success—rooted in Prime Minister Narendra Modi's decisive leadership, technological innovation, cultural symbolism, and ethical statecraft—has cemented India's position as a global leader in responsible counter-terrorism while achieving unprecedented national unity. Following the heinous Pahalgam Massacre (April 22, 2025), India executed a series of precision strikes against terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK), neutralizing significant threats while maintaining ethical standards and international legal boundaries. The Indian Armed Forces' exceptional professionalism and courage in executing this complex operation merits the highest commendation. This paper presents a holistic analysis of Operation Sindoor's aftereffects and reception across political, military, academic, and civil society spheres, highlighting its emergence as a paradigm of strategic resolve, national unity, and ethical power projection that transcends conventional military success to embody India's civilizational ethos of justice and righteousness.

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References

Academic and Theoretical Sources

Pallathadka, H., & Roy, P. D. (2025). Beyond Borders: Operation Sindoor and the Evolution of Counter-Terrorism in the Indo-Pacific Security Paradigm. Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities, 5(3), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.5.3.9

Pallathadka, H., & Roy, P. D. (2025). Operation Sindoor: India’s Decisive and Justified Strike Against Cross-Border Terrorism. Stallion Journal for Multidisciplinary Associated Research Studies, 4(2), 147–154. https://doi.org/10.55544/sjmars.4.2.11

Pallathadka, H., & Roy, P. D. (2025). Sindoor Loss in Terrorism: The Pallathadka-Roy Identity Reconstitution Theory and Sacred Resilience Framework. Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 4(2), 177–186. https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.4.2.18

Government and Military Documents

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Ministry of Defence, India. (2025, May 8). Operation Sindoor was successfully executed because our formidable & professionally-trained Armed Forces were equipped with high-quality equipment, says Raksha Mantri at National Quality Conclave 2025. Press Information Bureau. Retrieved from https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2127735

Ministry of External Affairs, India. (2025, May 10). Foreign Secretary's Statement: Special briefing on OPERATION SINDOOR. Retrieved from https://www.mea.gov.in/Speeches-Statements.htm?dtl/39487/Foreign_Secretarys_Statement_Special_briefing_on_OPERATION_SINDOOR_May_10_2025

Ministry of External Affairs, India. (2025, May 7). Transcript of Special Briefing on Operation Sindoor. Retrieved from https://www.mea.gov.in/media-briefings.htm?dtl%2F39482%2FTranscript_of_Special_briefing_on_OPERATION_SINDOOR_May_09_2025

Indian Air Force. (2025, May 7). Post-Operation Sindoor Briefing. DD News.

Prime Minister's Office. (2025, May 12). English rendering of PM's address to the Nation. Press Information Bureau. Retrieved from https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2128268

News Media and Reports

India Today. (2025, May 12). Operation Sindoor: 9 ways India redefined its anti-terror policy against Pakistan. Retrieved from https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/operation-sindoor-india-pakistan-terror-camp-strike-2723296-2025-05-12

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India Today. (2025, May 12). Inside Operation Sindoor: India response, Pakistan escalation, how ceasefire emerged. Retrieved from https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/inside-operation-sindoor-india-response-pakistan-escalation-how-ceasefire-emerged-2723335-2025-05-12

The Economic Times. (2025, May 12). India redefines anti-terror strategy, exposes Pakistan's vulnerabilities under Operation Sindoor. Retrieved from https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-redefines-anti-terror-strategy-exposes-pakistans-vulnerabilities-under-operation-sindoor/articleshow/121103640.cms

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The Times of India. (2025, May 12). Operation Sindoor: India's missile strikes in Pakistan level Nur Khan airbase, leaves huge crater in Rahim Yar Khan Airbase. Retrieved from https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/operation-sindoor-indias-missile-strikes-in-pakistan-level-nur-khan-airbase-leaves-huge-crater-in-rahim-yar-khan-airbase/articleshow/121107473.cms

The Times of India. (2025, May 11). Roar of Indian Forces Reached All the Way to Rawalpindi: Rajnath Singh Hails Operation Sindoor. Retrieved from https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/roar-of-indian-forces-reached-all-the-way-to-rawalpindi-rajnath-singh-hails-operation-sindoor/articleshow/121077494.cms

The Times of India. (2025, May 11). Operation Sindoor Remains Active, Normal Relations with Pakistan Cannot Resume. Retrieved from https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/operation-sindoor-remains-active-normal-relations-with-pakistan-cannot-resume/articleshow/121078777.cms

The Times of India. (2025, May 12). Before and After: Satellite Images Reveal Operation Sindoor's Impact on Pakistan Air Bases, Terror Camps. Retrieved from https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/before-and-after-satellite-images-reveal-operation-sindoors-impact-on-pakistan-air-bases-terror-camps/articleshow/121094142.cms

The Times of India. (2025, May 12). Operation Sindoor: Who are the 5 Key Pakistani Terrorists Killed in Precision Strikes by India. Retrieved from https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/operation-sindoor-who-are-the-5-key-pakistani-terrorists-killed-in-precision-strikes-by-india/articleshow/121053238.cms

The Indian Express. (2025, May 8). Operation Sindoor | Across states, chorus from Pahalgam victims' kin: 'Were waiting for this day'. Retrieved from https://indianexpress.com/article/india/operation-sindoor-across-states-chorus-from-pahalgam-victims-kin-were-waiting-for-this-day/

The Indian Express. (2025, May 12). After Operation Sindoor, a New Normal with Pakistan. Retrieved from https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/after-operation-sindoor-a-new-normal-with-pakistan-9996966/

The Indian Express. (2025, May 9). Beginning of Justice: RSS Hails Operation Sindoor. Retrieved from https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/beginning-of-justice-rss-hails-operation-sindoor-9987974/

The Week. (2025, May 10). How India Avenged the Pahalgam Attack with Operation Sindoor. Retrieved from https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/2025/05/10/india-avenged-the-pahalgam-attack-with-operation-sindoor.html

Hindustan Times. (2025, May 9). Ranveer Singh delivers strongly worded reaction to Operation Sindoor: 'Agar koi chede toh...'. Retrieved from https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ranveer-singhs-delivers-rare-strongly-worded-reaction-to-operation-sindoor-101746850253164.html

Hindustan Times. (2025, May 9). RSS Lauds 'Operation Sindoor', Says It Stands United with Armed Forces. Retrieved from https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rss-lauds-operation-sindoor-says-it-stands-united-with-armed-forces-in-fight-with-pak-101746780156548.html

Hindustan Times. (2025, May 8). Every Kannadiga: Kichcha Sudeep Writes to PM Modi, Lauds Operation Sindoor Amid Indo-Pak Tensions. Retrieved from https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bengaluru-news/every-kannadiga-kichcha-sudeep-writes-to-pm-modi-lauds-operation-sindoor-amid-indo-pak-tensions-101746877407029.html

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Al Jazeera. (2025, May 6). India Launches Attacks on Several Sites in Pakistan. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/6/india-launches-attacks-on-several-sites-in-pakistan

Livemint. (2025, May 8). Operation Sindoor: 'Justice is served' — Social media reacts as India strikes terror camps in Pakistan. Retrieved from https://www.livemint.com/news/india/operation-sindoor-justice-is-served-social-media-reacts-as-india-strikes-terror-camps-in-pakistan-11746579220550.html

DD News. (2025, May 10). Operation Sindoor: Know What India Has Achieved. Retrieved from https://ddnews.gov.in/en/operation-sindoor-know-what-india-has-achieved/

DD News. (2025, May 10). India's New Resolve: Operation Sindoor and New BrahMos Facility Signal Strategic Strength. Retrieved from https://ddnews.gov.in/en/indias-new-resolve-operation-sindoor-and-new-brahmos-facility-signal-strategic-strength/

The New Indian Express. (2025, May 9). RSS leaders congratulate central government and armed forces for Operation Sindoor. Retrieved from https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/May/09/rss-leaders-congratulate-central-government-and-armed-forces-for-operation-sindoor

Swarajya. (2025, May 9). Operation Sindoor Dashboard: India's War On Terror. Retrieved from https://swarajyamag.com/dashboards/operation-sindoor-dashboard-indias-war-on-terror

Deccan Herald. (2025, May 12). India's military might: What all India used in Operation Sindoor. Retrieved from https://www.deccanherald.com/india/indias-military-might-what-all-india-used-in-operation-sindoor-3536129

Daijiworld.com. (2025, May 12). Operation Sindoor: India's decisive strike sends strong message against terror. Retrieved from https://daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1280311

Firstpost. (2025, May 12). Operation Sindoor: India-Pakistan success, terrorists killed, airbases damaged, explained. Retrieved from https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/operation-sindoor-india-pakistan-success-terrorists-killed-airbases-damaged-explained-13887631.html

Mid-Day. (2025, May 8). Beginning of justice for Pahalgam victims: RSS on Operation Sindoor. Retrieved from https://www.mid-day.com/news/india-news/article/operation-sindoor-marks-beginning-of-justice-for-pahalgam-victims-rss-23537063

The Wire. (2025, May 10). Complete Chronology: Full List of Attacks India-Pakistan. Retrieved from https://m.thewire.in/article/south/complete-chronology-full-list-of-attacks-india-pakistan

OpIndia. (2025, May 12). Indian military showcases success of Operation Sindoor, warns Pakistan against further provocation. Retrieved from https://www.opindia.com/2025/05/indian-military-showcases-success-of-operation-sindoor-warns-pakistan-against-further-provocation/

Kerala Kaumudi Online. (2025, May 12). 'Operation Sindoor a success, thanks to govt for support'; ready to face any future provocations, say Armed Forces. Retrieved from https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/india/general/operation-sindoor-a-success-thanks-to-govt-for-support-ready-to-face-any-future-provocations-say-armed-forces-1532732

Vajiramandravi. (2025, May 10). Operation Sindoor: Terror Sites, Significance, Key Highlights. Retrieved from https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-exam/operation-sindoor/

Imphal Times. (2025, May 9). RSS backs Centre's Operation Sindoor, urges citizens to stand united. Retrieved from https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/rss-backs-centres-operation-sindoor-urges-citizens-to-stand-united/

Financial Express. (2025, May 12). Full text of PM Modi's speech on Operation Sindoor: Read Here. Financial Express. Retrieved from https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/full-text-of-pm-modis-speech-on-operation-sindoor-read-here/3842001/

International Recognition and Analysis

Observer Research Foundation. (2025, May 9). Operation Sindoor: Understanding Context and Consequences. Retrieved from https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/operation-sindoor-understanding-context-and-consequences

News on AIR. (2025, May 10). Operation Sindoor: India Receives Strong International Support Against Terrorism. Retrieved from https://www.newsonair.gov.in/operation-sindoor-india-receives-strong-international-support-against-terrorism/

U.S. State Department. (2025, May 10). Statement on India-Pakistan Ceasefire.

Saudi Foreign Ministry. (2025, May 9). Endorsement of India's Counter-Terrorism Measures.

The New York Times. (2025, May 7). The Symbolism Behind India's 'Operation Sindoor'. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/07/world/asia/india-operation-sindoor-name.html

Global Public Policy Institute. (2025, May 7). India's Kashmir Dilemma. Retrieved from https://gppi.net/2025/05/07/indias-kashmir-dilemma

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Published

2025-05-14

How to Cite

Pallathadka, H., & Roy, P. D. (2025). Operation Sindoor: A Comprehensive Academic Analysis of Strategic Excellence, National Unity, and Global Impact. Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities, 5(3), 115–130. https://doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.5.3.13

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): May Issue

Section

Articles

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Copyright (c) 2025 Prof. Dr. Harikumar Pallathadka, Prof. Dr. Parag Deb Roy

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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